What kinds of properties are good for cost segregation? I get asked this a lot especially as I introduce the concept of cost segregation to commercial real estate brokers. The fact of the matter is, cost segregation works on any and all properties where the owner is receiving a rent or lease payment. With the firm I represent, we generally add one more qualifier and say that the basis or cost needs to be about $200,000 for it to make sense to study. And the reason for that is the minimum study will cost about $2,000 and if you have a $200,000 building – maybe an SFR – you might see a depreciation expense of $30,000 – $40,000. If you’re at the 24% income tax rate, that’s a tax savings of $7,200 or so. Sometimes we still do studies down to about $150,000 in cost basis and it’s still a benefit for the owner.
Cost segregation works on all kinds of property:
Industrial
Manufacturing
Warehouse
Office Warehouse
Self Storage
Cold Storage
Office
Retail Strip Centers
Strip Malls
Restaurants
Fast Food Restaurants
Auto Repair Shops
Hotels / Motels
Apartment Buildings
Rental property – SFRs, Condos, Townhouses
Short-term rentals – Aibnb, VRBO
Gyms, Athletic and Fitness Centers
Determining if cost segregation is right for you is a fairly straight forward endeavor. You will always want to consult with your tax advisor about your particular situation. It really just becomes a math issue. You get an estimate from me and then discuss with your tax advisor. Does it make economic sense or not. It’s also not as expensive as you might have been led to believe. For most of our clients it is not a big set back and they typically see 10-20x return on the investment with us. That’s 1,000 – 2,000% return on your investment. It’s generally a no-brainer.
Short-term rental ownership exploded during Covid. The business model has been a good one for many investors throughout the country. These property owners can take advantage of cost segregation just like they would if they owned a commercial building or an apartment complex.
Short-term rentals, VRBOs, Airbnbs are considered 39 year property. It’s commercial property like a hotel is commercial property. It’s not 27.5 year property which is what a long-term rental would be such as a single family rental or an apartment building.
Is it worth is to doing cost segregation on an STR? Yes, of course. Where it might not be beneficial is if you just aren’t netting much profit or if you expect to sell your property within the next year or two. But generally, from what I hear, owners will net $25,000 – $50,000 per year.
In a cost segregation study, the property will be reclassified from all of it being 39 year depreciation to 5, 7, 15 and 39 year property giving you a much bigger deduction earlier on in the life of your ownership. Let’s use simple math to make some calculations. Let’s say you own an Airbnb and you have $600,000 all in. The land is about $100,000. That leaves you with $500,000 cost basis. Normally the FF&E is a separate expense from the real estate. In this case we figure you have this as a separate line item of $35,000 and it is not included in the real estate.
When we do a study on a building like this, we will generally see about 15-20% will be reclassified as 5 year class life property. The land improvements which are 15 year class life property will often come in somewhere in the 3-10% range depending upon the property. So for simple math, let’s say we identify 20% between the 5 and 15 year property. 20% of $500,000 is $100,000. You would get a $100,000 deduction against your income in year one or whenever you decide to do the study and apply it. Now in 2023, bonus depreciation has dropped to 80%. (If you own an STR that you placed into service between Sept. 27, 2017 and Dec. 31, 2022, you would qualify for 100% bonus depreciation). So that $100,000 in depreciation generated by our study would have 80% of that applied to reduce your taxes in 2023. Let’s say you net $50,000 in 2023. That’s after all your expenses, debt service and regular straight line depreciation. If you’re at the 32% tax rate, you’d owe the IRS $16,000. If you did cost segregation, you would owe ZERO and would have a loss carry forward that would eliminate most, if not all, of next year’s tax liability. The cost for such a study might be $3-4k. If you have owned the property for at least one tax year, you would need to file a 3115. That will end up costing you about another $1-2k to complete.
So if you own a short-term rental property and are making money, be sure to reach out to get a quote and see how it might work for you.
Why doctors, dentists and lawyers should consider utilizing cost segregation with their real estate investments to save money on their income taxes.
I do a lot of work with doctors, dentists and lawyers when it comes to cost segregation. For nearly all of them, it’s a passive income investment. There are times though when they own the building(s) that they run their operating business out of – i.e. self rental. At that point they often can take advantage of “grouping.”In that case, cost segregation is a grand slam as they can use the depreciation from their real estate to offset their operating business income.It’s massive. Sometimes I run into situations where the doctor, dentist or lawyer or some other high income W-2 earner own a short-term rental like an Airbnb or VRBO and their spouse is running the operation. At that point they might also be able to utilize the depreciation generated from cost segregation to offset their high W-2 income. (BTW, as with all of these things…this is not tax advice. Please consult your own tax advisor regarding these strategies). I will publish information in a future blog post about high W-2 earners owning and operating short-term rentals.
But let’s get back to owning real estate as a passive income investment for these highly compensated professionals. If they own residential real estate investments (rental homes, duplexes, triplexes, quads, apartments etc) or if they own commercial real estate of any kind and IF they earn a profit at the end of the year, they will owe federal income taxes at their marginal rate. More often than not that rate is 32, 35, or 37%.
Let’s say they own a few buildings and when all is said and done, at the end of the year, they have a net profit of $10,000. They expect their investment to grow in future years if not through the purchase of additional units or buildings, then through rent growth. The $10,000 in net profit is after all expenses, debt service and normal straight line depreciation. If they pay taxes at a 35% rate, they would owe the IRS $3,500 for the year. Next year it would likely be more as their net profit grows. A cost segregation study would eliminate this $3,500 tax obligation for the year and would likely wipe out future income tax liabilities on their real estate investments for years to come. How could this be you ask? The magic of increased accumulated depreciation expense / i.e. bonus depreciation or accelerated depreciation creating a large loss carryforward.
Let’s say in the scenario above, one of the properties you own is a $500,000 duplex and the land is worth $100,000 which is not depreciable. So $400,000 is your cost / basis that can be depreciated. A cost segregation study will identify and separate the 5, 15 and 27.5 year property. Often this might be between 20-25% of the building cost or basis. Given that information, you will likely see an $80,000 – $100,000 depreciation expense. If you purchased the building and put it into service between Sept. 27, 2017 and Dec. 31, 2022, it qualifies for 100% bonus depreciation meaning you can take all of that $80-$100k in depreciation in one year. (At this point bonus depreciation starts to phase out – for buildings put into servince in 2023, they will qualify for 80% bonus depreciation…in 2024 it goes to 60% etc). So let’s say it’s $80,000 in depreciation. You had a $10,000 net profit and were going to owe $3,500 to the IRS that year and likely every year going forward. By doing the study, you would not have any taxes owed this year. You’d have a $70,000 loss carry forward which you would utilize in future years. In this scenario, you may have eliminated your tax liability for the next 6-7 years. A cost segregation study for a building like this might cost $3,500 or so. You might also have to file an IRS Change of Accounting Form 3115. (If you’ve owned the property for at least one tax year, you will have to file this form). The 3115 let’s the IRS know you’re going from straight line to accelerated depreciation. We draft those typically for about $750 and your tax advisor would sign off on it.
Let’s review…you have $4,250 into the study and 3115 draft. (You’ll probably have some additional fees from your tax advisor as they have to fill out the 3115 information document so we can draft that form). So maybe your tax advisor is going to charge you another $500. So you’re all in at about $4,750 +/-. That’s a business write off for you so it’s really costing you a net of $3,087.50 roughly. That’s less than what you were originally going to have to pay the IRS when we started. The $80,000 in depreciation expense that you’ll get, ends up saving you about $28,000 in federal income taxes ($80,000 x. .35). That’s a 9 to 1 return or 900% return on your investment. You likely wiped out your tax liability for years to come and you can use that money to reinvest, put in the bank, take a trip etc. It’s your money. You can do with it what you want.
If you’d like to learn more or get a quote for your building, please just reach out and I’d be happy to discuss. We alway recommend you also talk with your tax advisor. Once you get a quote from us, please have your tax professional review it to make sure they are on board and that you can in fact utilize the depreciation expense we generate with cost segregation.
Now that we are well beyond the difficulties of the Covid-19 pandemic, hotel brands are once again starting to push on the hotel owners to make improvements to their buildings. Are the PIPs (property improvement plans) still in place? Since many hotels didn’t have many customers for a while during the long duration of the pandemic, their furnishings as well as other items such as carpets and bathrooms may not have seen the wear and tear that they would have. Consequently, plans to change those out have been pushed out. But the time is soon coming to make those improvements.
This is also a reminder that when hotels are doing these renovations that they should also be looking at doing a partial asset disposition study (PAD). These are done when the renovations are more than $100,000 which nearly every renovation of a hotel will certainly hit. Partial asset disposition allows for the owner to take a tax deduction in the year in which the renovation was done. It’s a use it or lose it tax deduction. Since you are putting new material into your building and throwing out the old, we do the calculations as to what you are throwing out. There is basis that is still on your books and with our study, you can deduct that off your books since you’ve removed it from the building. Not only do you get a tax deduction but since it’s off your books, you don’t have to pay recapture tax on it when you go to sell the building.
Every project varies depending upon the kind of work done and how long you’ve own the building, but it’s reasonable to expect that you might see a tax deduction of 15-20% of the improvement amount. So for example, let’s stay you are planning a $500,000 improvement. By studying that work effort and doing a partial asset disposition, PAD, you might see a $75,000 – $100,000 +/- deduction that year on your taxes. If you are paying 32% Federal tax rate, that’s $24,000 – $32,000 in tax savings. These studies tend not to cost much. If you have already done a cost segregation study on your building then this might only cost you another $3,000 – $5,000 to do. That cost is an expense of course. If you need to do cost segregation, that will increase the overall cost for as you’ll have to do a cost segregation study but a cost seg study will likely yield another massive tax deduction for you in addition to what is noted above.
If you own a hotel and you are planning to do renovations and would like to discuss, please give me a call. If you did renovations in 2022 and have filed an extended tax return, there is still time to do a partial asset disposition and take advantage of this great tax deduction. Once you’ve filed your taxes for the year in which the work was done, you cannot amend to go back and take this deduction. It truly is use it or lose it. Most lose it because they are not aware of this. I work all over the U.S. and can help you on a project anywhere in all 50 states in the U.S. John Murphy 864-276-1448.
Recently I received a call from someone inquiring as to whether or not Starbucks were good for cost segregation. Yes, they are excellent for cost segregation because they typically have large parking lots (15 year land improvements) and excellent interior finishing which a lot of that ends up being identified as 5 year class life property.
Here’s a good example. Let’s say this Starbucks was purchased for $2.5 million and the land was worth $500,000. Since the land cannot be depreciated, that must be deducted so we come up with a basis of $2,000,000 for the building. Every building is different but for the sake of understanding how cost segregation can help an owner of a Starbucks building let’s look at how this breaks down.
A cost segregation study is going to identify and reclassify all the building components as well as segregate the land improvements. So with this property, let’s stay 17% was identified at 5 year class life property. That would be $340,000. And for the land improvements, let’s say those come in at 20% which would be $400,000. So on a $2 million building, this owner could accelerated $740,000 or 37% of the building cost or basis. Depending upon the year in which this went into service, it could be taken as 100% bonus depreciation (Sept. 27, 2017 – Dec. 31, 2022). If the building went into service in 2023 then it would qualify for 80% bonus depreciation. (Bonus depreciation drops 20% each year until 2027 when it goes to zero or just regular accelerated depreciation).
If the owner is paying federal taxes at say a 35% rate, that would be a tax savings of almost $260,000 in income taxes. These studies would typically cost less than $6,000 which is an expense…so it’s a net of $3,900. That’s an ROI of about 66:1.
If you’d like to have us evaluate your property for cost segregation, please feel free to reach out and I’d be happy to discuss.
Property and casualty insurance agents and brokers could offer even greater value and service to their commercial lines clients if they offered cost segregation services.
P&C agents and brokers are talking with commercial building owners on a regular basis about their insurance needs. Inevitably their client base owns commercial buildings and perhaps some multi-family, short-term rentals and rental homes. It’s an easy conversation to have with a business owner whom you know owns a building because you are either insuring it or you are hoping to win his business and insure it going forward. As part of that conversation, why not ask, “BTW, have you done cost segregation on your building for tax savings?” That’s it. If they have done it, great, but if the response is like what I find about 8 out of 10 times the owner hasn’t and he knows little to nothing about it. It’s then just a matter of, we’ll have our guy run an estimate for you and you can then run it past your tax advisor to see if this might be something you can utlize. On average, building owners save between $30,000 – $70,000 per $1 million in basis or building costs.
You can then reach out to me with the specifics on the building because you likely have it in your database already. Many times I can look up most buildings, but we need the following:
Address
Building type
Date of Purchase or In-Service Date
Purchase Price
Land Value (est)
Improvements – year / type
Within a day or two, we will turn around a custom estimate for this owner to save on his/her income taxes. Many times the building owners will see a return something in the neighborhood of 10x what they will invest in the study. Meaning, let’s say the study costs $5,000. The owner’s tax rate is 32%. His net cost after tax would be $3,400. If he saves $50,000 on his income taxes, that’s an ROI of 14:1 or 1,400% return on his investment in the study.
As a property and casualty insurance agent or broker, we’ll do a revenue share of 10% on our study fees. That $5,000 study will generate $500 for your agency. This would likely be for a $1-$1.5MM building. Smaller buildings have smaller fees. Bigger buildings would have bigger fees. How many buildings does your agency insure? If my experience is that about 8 out of 10 are unware of this tax application, don’t you see how you could be a big help to these building owners to help them save on taxes, increase cash flow and maybe help them stay in business?
Lastly, I have heard that insurance premiums for commercial lines have gone up 15-25% in the past year. What if you had a solution to help that business owner when you call him to discuss his renewal for the upcoming year and you’re concerned about possibly losing a client because his rates are going to jump by thousands of dollars. Well, this might be a solution. He might have a building or two that he has not done a cost segregation study on that might generate lots of tax savings which could afford him the cash flow to more easily pay for the increased insurance premium.
And when your agents are on the phone prospecting talking about insurance, this is a another way to try to engage the building owner. Who knows…maybe he’s not ready to buy insurance from you just yet but he does cost segregation because you introduced it to him. Perhaps that will engender some favortism toward you when he does go to re-evaluate or renew his insurance coverages in the coming year.
Cost segregation is a terrific value-add service for property and casualty agents and brokers. It’s a great way to help your clients and to differentiate yourself from the competition. On top of that, it’s an additional revenue opportunity for the agent and agency. Reach out if you’d like to discuss. I work all across the U.S. in all 50 states. One does not need to be licensed to offer cost segregation. John Murphy 864-276-1448.
The views expressed are my own. I do not speak or write in any official capacity for the firm I represent for cost segregation – Cost Segregation Services, Inc.
Here is a strategy I’m seeing for married couples where one spouse has a big W-2 income.
Please consult with your own tax advisor. I cannot give tax advice. I’m only sharing what I’m seeing some other real estate investors do.
Want to take advantage of cost segregation and minimize your taxes but you’re not a full time real estate pro or investor? Perhaps you’re a doctor, executive, a sales pro who has a big W-2 income who wants to get into real estate investing. Some who fit this category are purchasing STRs (Airbnbs, VRBOs) and managing them themselves. Generally speaking this would require that one’s spouse does the managing and not the person with the big W-2 income. The IRS categorizes the STRs differently from long term rentals (i.e. single family rentals, duplexes, apartments etc). The STR is considered an active trade or business. If you meet the IRS criteria as being actively involved in the property, you may be able to utilize the benefits of cost segregation and the large depreciation expense it generates to offset tax liability for the W-2 income. BTW, you don’t have to be making multiple six figures to make this work. This strategy could work for someone making less money. When I see it used, it’s often the big W-2 income earners who are doing this.
I was recently at an event where a CPA explained this strategy to a room full of real estate investors. It was discussed that they might consider converting a rental home to an STR to be able to take advantage of this.
Let’s say you buy an Airbnb for $425,000 – purchase price plus any improvements, furniture etc. The land is worth 20% ($85,000). That is deducted that since land can’t be depreciated which leaves a cost or basis of $340,000 which can be cost segregated. Depending upon the property, the study results would likely show that 20-25% of the $340,000 basis could be accelerated. That is $70,000 +/- in depreciation expense that could be used to lower you and your spouse’s overall income by $70k. If your tax rate is 32%, that’s over $20,000 in income tax savings. The study might cost $2,500 +/- which is a deduction. This is a 10x return – 1,000% return on your investment. If you were to scale this up to say $1,000,000+ Airbnb, just multiply these tax savings by 2-3x and you can see why people do this.
If you are one of those couples who has a big income and wants to use real estate to help reduce your tax liability but neither of you are a full time real estate pro, then discuss this strategy with your tax advisor. If you fit this description and you have a short-term rental, reach out to me for a no cost, no obligation estimate. You’ll then have solid information to go back to your tax advisor to determine if doing a cost segregation study might end up saving you a small fortune on your income taxes.
If you’re a building owner or a tax professional, CPA, Enrolled Agent, etc., and you’re looking for a cost segregation specialist here in South Carolina, I’m happy to be of help. I’m based out of Greenville, SC and represent Cost Segregation Services, Inc. The company has been studying buildings for 20 years. During that time we have successfully completed more than 35,000 engineering-based cost segregation studies across all building types and classes in all 50 states. While I’m based in South Carolina, I can study any buildings anywhere in the U.S.
Cost segregation works on all types of buildings where the owner is receiving a lease or rent payment. In other words, it can’t be your personal residence. Typically the basis or cost needs to be north of $200,000 in order for the economics to work for the owner, but we have done some studies on buildings with a basis as low as $150,000. This works on commercial buildings, retail strips, self storage facilities, hotels, apartments, single family rentals, Airbnbs, short term rentals, offices, warehouses, industrial, shopping centers etc.
Call me at 864-276-1448. I can provide a no cost, no obligation quote so you can discuss it with your tax advisor to see if doing cost segregation makes sense for you financially.
Image: Google Street View of 1540 E Woodlawn Road, Charlotte, NC – Chick-Fil-A Restaurant
It’s a common issue many of us have seen whereever there is a Chick-Fil-A…cars backed up into the main roadway as they wait in line to place their order for food. Chick-Fil-A has really mastered the art of the drive-thru and during and after Covid, they were the first that I saw that doubled up their drive-thrus expanding capacity. McDonalds had kind of done that over the past few years but CFA had taken it to an entire new level.
Now they are looking at going 3 wide instead of 2 wide in their drive-thru lanes. This is an attempt to deal with the complaints of traffic being backed up along Woodlawn Road in Charlotte during meal time. Chick-Fil-A is proposing that they go full on drive-thru only operation and eliminate dining to only have room for 3 drive-thru lanes and keep more traffic on their property rather than spilling out onto Woodlawn. According to the article in Axios Charlotte, this has caused a conundrum for city planners and council because they want a community that is more walkable and less dependent upon the automobile. In this case, in order to possibly improve the situation of the traffic congestion, it only ends up making the business more dependent upon the automobile. That said though, I think the public has spoken regarding Chick-Fil-A and in most cases, people just can’t get enough of it and because CFA does such an awesome job with their service via the drive-thru that people continue to frequent their stores and opt to get their food that way.
Since this blog is about cost segregation, this project will be an exellent opportunity for partial asset disposition (PAD). Because part of the building will be removed, we would calculate what that value is and what the remaining basis is on the books and get that removed from the books. It’s an immediate tax deduction in the year in which the work was done and then that amount is also removed off the depreciation schedule for the building so the owner doesn’t have to worry about paying recapture tax on that property that is no longer part of the building. It’s kind of a double tax savings but it’s a use it or lose it tax benefit. A partial asset disposition must be taken in the tax year in which the work was done. If you don’t file it in that same tax year, you cannot amend your tax returns to claim the deduction.
The company that appears to own this Chick-Fil-A at 1540 E Woodlawn Road, Charlotte, NC looks to be Charter Venture LLC. I don’t know if they are considering doing a PAD or not.
Sometimes I will occassionally get a question from a building owner and/or investor as to whether or not cost segregation is a legitimate tax strategy. I will let them know it’s been law for well over 20 years now and in fact the IRS publishes a guide for its auditors to evaluate cost segregation. The IRS just published a new cost segregation audit technique guide. It had been many years since the last one was published. It’s 268 pages in case you’re interested in reading it :).
From the IRS document…
This Audit Techniques Guide (ATG) has been developed to assist Internal Revenue Service (Service) examiners in the review and examination of cost segregation studies. The primary goals are to provide examiners with an understanding of:
• Why cost segregation studies are performed for Federal income tax purposes; • How cost segregation studies are prepared; • What to look for in the review and examination of these studies; and, • When certain issues identified in the cost segregation study need further examination.
The ATG was originally developed by a cross-functional team of Service Engineers and Revenue Agents. It was updated by members of the DCE PN and is not intended as an official IRS pronouncement. Accordingly, it may not be cited as authority.
So if you wonder if you should hire a reputable and trusted firm for cost segregation for your building / investments, just realize the IRS has published a 268 page guide for its auditors to examine the accuracy of your cost segregation study.
If you’d like to talk to a firm with a long history of successfully completing these studies for building owners and investors, please don’t hesitate to reach out to me, John Murphy, CSSI at 864-276-1448.
